Table 1 Overview of PNP status in PD
From: Large-fiber neuropathy in Parkinson’s disease: a narrative review
Authors | Medication | Samples | Examined nerves | PNP prevalence | Associated findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Toth et al. [25] | Oral LD | 500 PD | Sural, peroneal, tibial | 9.8% of PD patients | Hyc/MMA↑ Cumulative LD dose and MMA level were associated with PNP severity |
Toth et al. [34] | Oral LD | 58 PD, 58 controls | Peroneal, tibial, median, ulnar | 55% of PD patients vs. 9% of controls | Age↑, UPDRS scores↑, Hyc/MMA ↑ PNP severity correlated with LD exposure and MMA level |
Ceravalo et al. [6] | Oral LD | 330 PD, 137 controls | Sural, peroneal | 19.40% of PD patients with long LD exposure, 6.80% with short LD exposure, 4.82% with no LD exposure vs. 8.76% of controls | LD dose↑, Hyc↑, vitamin B12↓ |
Shahrizaila et al. [39] | Oral LD vs LD-naïve | 51 PD | Sural, tibial, median, ulnar | 23% of LD-treated vs. 24% of LD-naïve PD patients ( ↔) | MMA/Hyc ↔ |
De Araújo et al. [49] | Oral LD | 38 PD, 16 PS | Peroneal, tibial, sural | 34.2% of PD patients vs. 23.5% of patients with parkinsonism other than PD ( ↔) | EMG abnormalities correlated with age and Hoehn & Yahr stage |
Vanta et al. [38] | Oral LD vs LD-naïve | 73 PD | sural, peroneal, tibial | 67.3% of LD-treated vs. 4.8% of LD-naïve PD patients | Vitamin B12 level correlated with LD daily dose and duration of treatment, LD dose correlated with sural nerve amplitude |
Lee and Baik [41] | LD-naïve | 105 de novo PD | Median, ulnar, sural, peroneal | 22.8% of PD patients PD | Hyc↑ |
Kühn et al. [7] | Oral LD | 50 PD | Tibial, median, sural | 62% of PD patients | Motor nerve amplitudes correlate with Hoehn & Yahr stage and UPDRS III score |
Mathukumalli et al. [42] | Oral LD | 93 PD, 70 controls | median, ulnar, peroneal, tibial, sural | 7.53% of PD patients vs. 4.29% in controls ( ↔) | Vitamin B12/Hyc ↔ between cases and controls |
Ramachandran et al. [35] | Oral LD | 154 PD | median, ulnar, peroneal, tibial, sural | 18.2% of PD patients | Disease duration and severity, cumulative LD dose and hcy level were associated with PNP |
Corrà et al. [12] | Oral LD | 99 PD | Sural, tibial, peroneal, ulnar, radial, median | 12.5% of PD patients | Presence of PNP was associated with gait and balance parameters |
Jugel et al. [46] | Oral PD medication vs. LCIG | 30 PD | median, tibial, sural, peroneal | 66.7% of PD patients with oral PD medication vs. 100% LCIG-treated patients | Degree of neuropathic change correlated with weight loss and LD dose in LCIG group |
Mancini et al. [44] | Oral LD vs. LCIG vs. non-LD | 150 PD | ulnar, peroneal, tibial, sural | 28% of LCIG-treated patients vs. 20% with oral LD vs. 6% with non-LD treatment | Vitamin 12↓, folate↓, hcy↑ in LD-treated patients. LD daily dose correlated with Hcy levels |
Loens et al. [45] | Oral LD vs. LCIG | 21 PD | median, peroneal, tibial, sural | 100% of LCIG-treated patients vs. 72.7% with oral LD | Vitamin B12, folate, hyc ↔ LD dose correlated with vitamin B6 deficiency |
Kwon et al. [50] | Oral LD | 41 PD | tibial, sural, peroneal, median, ulnar, radial | 65.85% of PD patients | PNP deteriorated in 21.95% of cases. Median sensory nerve was most affected. Sural nerve amplitude correlated with lower quality of life and worse cognition |