Table 1 Characteristic of participants and pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES) intervention and changes in the primary outcome measure at days 5, 9 and 92
All ventilated non-stroke (n = 57) | |
|---|---|
Participant characteristics | |
Age | 63.6 (15.5) |
Sex (Male / Female) | 40 (70.2) / 17 (29.8) |
Neurological conditions causing dysphagia | |
Traumatic brain injury | 22 (38.6) |
Critical illness polyneuropathy | 15 (26.3) |
Hypoxia | 3 (5.3) |
Seizures | 3 (5.3) |
Encephalitis | 2 (3.5) |
Guillain-Barré | 2 (3.5) |
Meningitis | 2 (3.5) |
Tumour | 2 (3.5) |
Brain abscess | 1 (1.8) |
Cavernoma | 1 (1.8) |
Cerebral oedema | 1 (1.8) |
Encephalopathy | 1 (1.8) |
Multiple sclerosis | 1 (1.8) |
Neurosarcoidosis | 1 (1.8) |
Feeding status at baseline* | |
Oral, normal | 0 (0.0) |
Oral, supervision | 0 (0.0) |
Oral, with support | 0 (0.0) |
NGT or NJT | 29 (50.9) |
PEG or RIG | 26 (45.6) |
Other routes | 2 (3.5) |
Intervention characteristics | |
PES perceptual threshold at the first session (mA) | 15.3 (6.0) |
PES stimulation intensity at the first session (mA) | 28.8 (8.9) |
Time from diagnosis to treatment (days) | 51.0 [48.8] |
DSRS | |
Baseline | 11.6 (1.2) |
Day 5 | 10.9 (2.5) |
Day 9 | 9.1 (3.9) |
Day 92 | 5.8 (5.1) |